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تاريخ الإسلام والأنبياء والصحابة
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تاريخ الإسلام والأنبياء والصحابة
معركة بلاط الشهداء (بواتييه)
15,000–25,000 Andalusian Arab and Berber cavalry — The furthest northern military expedition of the Caliphate into Western Europe.
Several thousand martyrs including governor Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi
30,000–50,000 seasoned Frankish heavy infantry phalanx
Heavy Frankish losses
For seven days the armies shadowed each other in autumn frost. Al-Ghafiqi unleashed repeated cavalry charges against the solid Frankish infantry shield-wall. A rumor that Frankish scouts were looting the baggage train caused some Muslim cavalry to wheel back to guard the camp. Al-Ghafiqi rode forward to restore order and was struck down by an arrow. The Muslim army withdrew safely south overnight.
Cavalry reconnaissance probing Charles Martel's fortified phalanx.
Al-Ghafiqi was martyred while courageously steadying the lines.
Muslim forces executed a disciplined retreat toward Narbonne and the Pyrenees.
Marked the geographical high-water mark of Islamic westward expansion into continental Western Europe; secured the Pyrenean frontier of Al-Andalus.
Eulogy of Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi as a pious, ascetic, and brilliant military governor.
معركة وادي لكة (فتح الأندلس)
Total destruction of the Visigothic kingdom; opening Spain and Portugal to nearly 800 years of brilliant Islamic civilization.
فتح بلاد السند (معركة أرور)
Established Islam permanently in the Indian subcontinent; earning Sindh the eternal title 'Bab-ul-Islam' (Gateway of Islam).